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The Origin and Development of Hyangyak (乡约) in Korea

Hyangyak (乡约) was a community-based self-governance system in Korea, derived from Lüshi Hyangyak (吕氏乡约) in Song Dynasty China. It was introduced to Korea during the early Joseon Dynasty and was later systematically developed by scholars like Jo Gwangjo (1482–1519) and Yi I (1536–1584).1. Origin of HyangyakDerived from Lüshi Hyangyak (吕氏乡约) in Song China.Based on Confucian ethics, it aimed to est..

Jeong Yak-yong’s Vision for Social Equality: A Revolutionary Thinker of Joseon

Jeong Yak-yong (1762–1836), one of the most influential Silhak (practical learning) scholars of the late Joseon Dynasty, emphasized social equality and sought to reform the rigid class system of his time. In the history of Korea, Jeong Yak-yong (1762–1836) stands out as a scholar who dared to challenge the rigid class hierarchy of the late Joseon Dynasty. At a time when social mobility was nearl..