신경발달장애 Neurodevelopmental disorder (DSM-5 classification)

신경발달장애는 일반적으로 발달 초기에 나타나는 일련의 질환으로, 개인적, 사회적, 학업적 또는 직업적 기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 다음은 몇 가지 일반적인 유형입니다.

 

 

Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions that typically manifest early in development and can affect personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. Here are some common types:

Types of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Affects social interaction, communication, and behavior.
• Cerebral Palsy: A group of disorders affecting movement and muscle tone.
• Communication Disorders: Includes language disorders, speech sound disorders, and social (pragmatic) communication disorder.
• Intellectual Disabilities: Involves limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
• Learning Disorders: Includes dyslexia, dyscalculia, and other specific learning disabilities.
• Neurodevelopmental Motor Disorders: Such as developmental coordination disorder and tic disorders.

Symptoms and Characteristics

• ADHD: Difficulty sustaining attention, excessive activity, and impulsive behavior
• ASD: Challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, and communication difficulties
• Cerebral Palsy: Motor impairments, muscle stiffness, and coordination issues
• Communication Disorders: Problems with understanding or using language.
• Intellectual Disabilities: Below-average intellectual ability and challenges in daily functioning.
• Learning Disorders: Difficulties in reading, writing, or math
• Motor Disorders: Clumsiness, repetitive movements, or involuntary tics.

Treatment and Support

• Early Intervention: Crucial for improving outcomes in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
• Therapies: Speech therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioral therapy can be beneficial
• Educational Support: Special education services and individualized education plans (IEPs) can help.
• Medication: May be prescribed for conditions like ADHD to manage symptoms

 

종류

 

- Intellectual disabilities

- Communication disorders

    Language Disorder 

   Speech Sound Disorder

   Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) 

   adult-onset fluency disorder. Social (Pragmatic)

   Communication Disorder 

   Unspecified Communication Disorder 

-  Autism Spectrum Disorder

-  Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

- Specific Learning Disorder

- Motor Disorders

- Tic Disorders

- Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders