Constitutional Court unanimously upheld the impeachment: South Korea

On April 4, 2025, South Korea's Constitutional Court unanimously upheld the impeachment of President Yoon Suk Yeol, officially removing him from office. This decision followed Yoon's controversial declaration of martial law in December 2024, which he justified by citing threats from North Korea and political gridlock. The court ruled that Yoon's actions grossly violated the constitution, leading to his impeachment by the National Assembly and subsequent removal from power. ​

The declaration of martial law, which lasted only six hours before being rescinded due to public backlash, involved deploying troops to the National Assembly and attempting to detain opposition politicians. These actions were deemed an abuse of power and a serious challenge to democratic principles. Yoon's move prompted mass nationwide protests, with approximately 60% of the public supporting his impeachment. ​

Following his removal, Yoon faces criminal charges, including insurrection, which could result in severe penalties. More than a dozen officials involved in the martial law decision have also been indicted.

In accordance with South Korea's constitution, a new presidential election must be held within 60 days. Opposition leader Lee Jae-myung of the Democratic Party, who survived a knife attack last year, is currently the leading candidate. The ruling conservative party remains divided and has yet to agree on a consensus candidate. ​

The new president will face significant challenges, including addressing domestic divisions stemming from the martial law crisis and navigating complex international relations. Tensions with the U.S. under President Trump have been strained, particularly concerning trade issues and defense commitments. Additionally, South Korea must manage persistent threats from North Korea and consider growing economic overtures from China. ​

Yoon's removal marks the second time a South Korean president has been ousted since democratization in 1987, following Park Geun-hye’s impeachment in 2017. This event underscores the resilience of South Korea's democratic institutions in upholding constitutional order and responding to challenges to its democratic framework.